Title
SPH Simulation of Pin Shape Influence on Material Flow in Friction Stir Welding (FSW)

Affiliations
Iman Farahbakhsh¹ · Benyamin Barani Nia¹ · Erkan Oterkus^2
1 Department of Maritime Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
² Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean, and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde,
Glasgow, UK

Abstract
A weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (WCSPH) method is applied for modeling the material flow in friction stir welding (FSW) when three pins with triangular, square, and circular cross sections are used. A system of equations representing mass, momentum, and energy conservation is solved to understand the physics of material mixing while considering the non-Newtonian behavior of the mushy zone around the pins. A statistical study is presented, and the results demonstrate the mechanism of particles migration between two workpieces, which agrees with the experimental evidence in the literature. The obtained locus for the time history of the migrated particles between two workpieces illustrates the influence range of each pin.

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